The term “citizenship” comes from the Latin “ius civis”, which means “citizen’s rights”. All persons considered citizens of any country should be treated equally before the law. There have been various civil rights movements throughout history.
Civil and political rights are a class of rights that protect individual liberties from interference by governments, social organizations, and individuals. They guarantee the right to participate in the civil and political life of society and the state without discrimination or oppression. Civil rights include the right to vote, the right to a fair trial, the right to government services, the right to public education, and the right to use public facilities. Civil rights are individual rights guaranteed and protected by the United States Constitution and federal laws passed by Congress. For example The Civil Rights Act of 1964 and the Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990.
And in India, it is also protected as a fundamental right under article 13-32 in part 3 of the constitution
Civil rights, equal social opportunity, and equal protection under the law, regardless of race, religion, or other personal characteristics.
Examples of civil rights are the right to vote, the right to a fair trial, the right to government services, the right to public education, and the right to use public facilities. Civil rights are an integral part of democracy. When individuals are denied the opportunity to participate in political society, they are denied citizenship.
Unlike civil liberties, which are freedoms guaranteed by governmental restrictions, citizenship is guaranteed by positive government action, often in the form of legislation. Civil rights laws seek to guarantee full and equal citizenship to those who have traditionally been discriminated against on the basis of certain group characteristics. If so, the civil rights movement may demand equal application of the law without discrimination.
American Civil Rights Movement
Civil rights politics in the United States is rooted in the movement to end discrimination against African Americans. After the Civil War, although slavery was abolished and former slaves were officially given political rights, in most Southern states, African Americans were systematically disenfranchised and removed from public life.
He continued to be excluded and became a permanent second-class citizen. By the 1950s, the marginalization of African Americans, often in highly violent forms, spurred social movements on a grand scale. The civil rights movement in the United States, primarily centered around African-American Southern churches and colleges, included widespread civil disobedience efforts such as marches, boycotts, sit-ins, voter education, and campaigning. increase.
The high-profile civil rights movement brought about the end of South Africa’s racial segregation system known as apartheid. The resistance movement began in the 1940s and intensified in the 1950s and 1960s when civil rights as a concept took the world by storm, but most of its leaders were imprisoned and never won again until they came to power in the 1980s.
Because there was not, I was forced to work underground. A combination of international pressure and domestic unrest eventually resulted in the lifting of the ban on the African National Congress, South Africa’s largest black political party, and the release of Nelson Mandela from prison in 1990. Mandela later became South Africa’s first black president. 1994
Gay Right Movement
In India, same-sex marriage is still observed as a crime in Indian society where people cannot accept any else gender than men and women.
The gay rights movement has come a long way since the late 1990s and early 2000s. Some states allowed same-sex marriage, while others gave benefits to same-sex partnerships, but by the early 21st century, a majority of the U.S. population opposed same-sex marriage. Additionally, some social conservatives in the United States are calling for a constitutional amendment to ban same-sex marriage.
However, by 2010 about half of the U.S. population supported legalizing same-sex marriage, and in June 2015 the Supreme Court ruled that Obergefell v. Properly contracted same-sex marriage in a jurisdiction is unconstitutional under due process and the Equal Protection Clause of the 14th Amendment to the United States Constitution, and all 50 states have legalized same-sex marriage.
India Civil Right Movement
A progressive thinker and social activist Sivasundar compares the Mahad Satyagraha of 1927 to the Dandy March of 1930, the former opposing domestic feudal oppression by the Brahmins and the latter against British external colonial oppression. pointed out to the contrary.
“I was briefed on salt marches led by Mahatma Gandhi against exploitation by British colonialism. But they rarely cross the BR Ambedkar against caste-based oppression by the so-called upper castes. It was a struggle against the external force of colonialism, and the latter was a struggle against an internal force, the caste system perpetuated by Brahmanism,” said Sivasundar.
Mahad Agitation is India’s first civil rights movement. Thousands of Dalits gathered behind Dr. Ambedkar and used water from public tanks, which is prohibited in Mahad, Maharashtra. At that time, a society that denied a portion of the population the right to use water from public tanks was not a civilized society. The Dalit struggle for the right to use water from public tanks is therefore India’s first civil rights movement. This is not just a Dalit movement, it is a civil rights movement.
A woman in India is fighting for women’s protection and people are fighting for Dalit rights in Rajasthan when a 7-year-old child was bitten badly by an upper-class teacher for drinking water. which was an ashaming incident.
Women in India are still not safe and secure and this is a big problem some people are protesting for their rights and demanding equality and security for their citizens.
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