What Is Polio?
World Polio Day Theme and About- The polio virus is an infectious disease that causes poliomyelitis, also referred to as polio. The majority of cases (about 70%) are asymptomatic; moderate symptoms like fever and sore throat are possible; a small percentage of cases develop more serious symptoms like headache, stiff neck, and paresthesia. Usually, these symptoms go away in a week or two. Permanent paralysis, and in severe cases, death, is a less frequent sign. Post-polio syndrome, which slowly develops muscle weakness identical to that seen during the initial infection, can happen years after recovery from the disease.
Only humans are naturally exposed to polio. It is extremely contagious and spreads from person to person either through the oral-oral route or through faecal-oral transmission (such as through poor hygiene or consumption of food or drink contaminated with human faeces). World Polio Day Theme and About. Even in the absence of symptoms, those who are sick can spread the illness for up to six weeks. By identifying the virus in the faeces or seeing antibodies to it in the blood, the sickness may be identified.
The virus that causes the disease was first discovered in 1909 by the Austrian immunologist Karl Landsteiner. The disease was first recognised as a distinct condition by the English physician Michael Underwood in 1789. World Polio Day Theme and About. Beginning with significant outbreaks in Europe and the United States in the late 19th century, it became one of the most worrisome paediatric diseases in the 20th century. Polio incidence rapidly decreased after polio vaccinations were introduced in the 1950s. And we should be proud to say India has completely eradicated Polio.
There is no specific treatment after an infection has occurred. The polio vaccination can protect against the illness, but many doses are needed for lifetime immunity. World Polio Day Theme and About. An injectable vaccine using inactivated poliovirus and an oral vaccine using attenuated (weakened) live virus are the two main kinds of polio vaccination. The incidence of wild polio has dropped thanks to the use of both vaccine kinds, from an estimated 350,000 cases in 1988 to just six confirmed cases in 2021, restricted to just three countries. World Polio Day Theme and About. The injectable vaccination is chosen since there are a small number of cases of disease transmission and/or paralytic polio linked to the attenuated oral vaccine.
This Year’s Theme
Together, Let’s End Polio!
About Polio Day
In 1988, the World Health Organization Adopted a Declaration to eradicate of polio
Since then there is a significant decrease in the number of cases worldwide. The data is below:
1. Worldwide wild poliovirus transmission has been reduced by 99.9%.
2. There will only be six cases of polio in 2021, down from an estimated 350,000 in 1988.
3. In 5 of the 6 WHO areas, wild poliovirus transmission has been eradicated.
Benefits of eradication of polio
1. Polio eradication has prevented the paralysis of 20 million people.
2. The existence of 5 million people who would have otherwise died.
3. The polio virus has been eradicated from the lives of billions of children.
CDC’s efforts to end polio worldwide include:
1. hiring, preparing and sending out public health workers
2. assisting nations to establish more robust immunisation programmes to boost vaccine coverage and enhance epidemic
3. identification and response
4. promoting vaccination equity
5. collecting, interpreting, and analysing data from immunisation initiatives to enhance understanding of the epidemiology and direct the development of programmes and policies
6. We are confident that by working with other nations and organisations around the world as part of the Global Polio Eradication Initiative, we can completely eradicate polio!
All of these strategies collectively come under public health, World Polio Day Theme and About. a sector which helps prevent diseases before they happen and words for a community as a whole taking all the derivatives into account.
The 5-Year Strategy
There are still significant obstacles to eliminating all polio types.
The GPEI introduced the Polio Eradication Strategy 2022–2026 in June 2021
1. Stop the spread of the wild poliovirus type 1 in the last two endemic nations, Afghanistan and Pakistan.
2. Stop circulating vaccine-derived poliovirus (cVDPV) outbreaks that can happen in communities that have received insufficient or no vaccinations.
The five-year plan intensifies efforts in the nations with the highest risk levels and encourages the integration of health services, better surveillance, and community involvement.
Pulse Polio Programme, India’s Successful Effort In Eradication Of Polio
India’s effort to eradicate polio, known as the Pulse Polio Programme, was formally launched in December 1995. The nation was experiencing 50,000 to 150,000 cases annually at the time.
India started a vigorous immunisation campaign against polio, employing celebrities to advocate the programme and airing radio and print commercials to entice people to receive the shot.
And the last case of polio in India was reported in Howrah, West Bengal on January 2011. World Polio Day Theme and About. There have been no cases since then yet the researchers say we still need to be cautious.
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