World Tsunami Awareness Day

Introduction

World Tsunami Awareness Day- The Sendai Seven Campaign, target, which seeks to “substantially enhance international cooperation to developing countries through adequate and sustainable support to complement their national actions for implementation of the present Framework by 2030,” is promoted in 2021 as part of World Tsunami Awareness Day.

A projected 50% of people on the planet would reside in coastal regions at risk from tsunamis, storms, and flooding by the year 2030. World Tsunami Awareness Day. By 2030, 100% of tsunami-risk communities will be prepared for and robust to tsunamis thanks to increased international collaboration with emerging nations.

The UN General Assembly declared November 5, 2015, as World Tsunami Knowledge Day in December 2015, urging nations, international organisations, and civil society to increase public awareness of tsunamis and exchange creative risk-reduction strategies.

The idea for World Tsunami Awareness Day originated in Japan, which has gained significant knowledge in fields like tsunami early warning, public action, and rebuilding better after a disaster to lessen its effects over the years as a result of its recurrent, terrible experience. World Tsunami Awareness Day. In partnership with the rest of the United Nations organisation, UN Disaster Risk Reduction (UNDRR) organises World Tsunami Awareness Day.

What Are Tsunami

The Japanese terms “tsu” (which means harbour) and “nami” make up the word “tsunami” (meaning wave). A tsunami is a series of massive waves produced by an undersea disturbance that is typically linked to earthquakes that happen beneath or close to the ocean.

A tsunami can also be caused by volcanic eruptions, underwater landslides, coastal rock falls, as well as by a big asteroid striking the ocean. World Tsunami Awareness Day. They result from the displacement of water mass caused by the vertical movement of the ocean floor.

Tsunamis can attack the shoreline and be dangerous for hours, with waves coming every five to sixty minutes. Tsunami waves frequently resemble walls of water.

The largest wave may not always be the first wave; frequently, the second, third, fourth, or even later waves are the biggest. Once a wave has inundated or flooded the land, it frequently recedes seaward until the seafloor is visible. The following wave then quickly rushes onshore and brings much-floating debris that has been damaged by earlier waves.

What Causes Tsunami

1. Earthquakes

It may be produced by motions along fault lines connected to plate boundaries.

In subduction zones, when an ocean plate slips beneath a continental plate or another younger ocean plate, the majority of powerful earthquakes take place.

Tsunamis do not always result from earthquakes. For an earthquake to result in a tsunami, the following four requirements must be met:

1. There must be an earthquake beneath the ocean or there will be material slides into the water.

2. The earthquake must be powerful, with a minimum Richter Scale value of 6.5.

3. The Earth’s surface must be ruptured by the earthquake, and it must take place at a shallow depth of fewer than 70 kilometres.

4. The earthquake must cause the sea floor to move vertically (up to several metres).

Landslides.

A tsunami can be caused by a landslide that occurs along the shore because it can dump a lot of water into the ocean. World Tsunami Awareness Day. When the material that has been released by the landslide travels violently and pushes the water in front of it, underwater landslides can also cause tsunamis.

2. Eruptions of volcanoes

Violent volcanic eruptions, albeit relatively unusual, also constitute impulsive disturbances that can move a lot of water and produce extremely harmful tsunami waves close to the source.

Following the eruption and fall of Indonesia’s Krakatoa (Krakatau) volcano on August 26, 1883, one of the biggest and most catastrophic tsunamis ever recorded was created. This explosion killed 36,417 people and caused waves to reach a height of 135 feet, destroying coastal towns and villages around the Sunda Strait on both the Java and Sumatra islands.

3. Extraterrestrial Collisions

Extremely infrequent events include tsunamis brought on by asteroids or meteors colliding with Earth. Scientists are aware that if these celestial bodies were to strike the ocean, a significant amount of water would surely be displaced to generate a tsunami, even though no recent records of meteor/asteroid-induced tsunamis exist.

Background

Although tsunamis are uncommon, they can be highly deadly. More than any other natural hazard in the past century, 58 of them have taken more lives than 260,000, or an average of 4,600 for each catastrophe. The tsunami that hit the Indian Ocean in December 2004 caused the most fatalities during that time. World Tsunami Awareness Day. In 14 countries, it is believed that it caused 227,000 fatalities, with Indonesia, Sri Lanka, India, and Thailand being the worst-affected

In Kobe, Japan’s Hyogo region, just three weeks later, the world community gathered. The first comprehensive worldwide agreement on disaster risk reduction, the 10-year Hyogo Framework for Action, was ratified by governments.

Additionally, they established the Indian Ocean Tsunami Warning and Mitigation System, which boasts a large number of seismographic and sea-level monitoring stations and sends alerts to national tsunami information centres.

People are being put in danger at an increasing rate due to rapid urbanisation and rising tourism in tsunami-prone areas. World Tsunami Awareness Day. As a result, the Sendai Framework, a 15-year international agreement adopted in March 2015 to replace the Hyogo Framework, has as one of its main objectives the achievement of significant reductions in catastrophe mortality worldwide.

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